List columns of table in Alphabetical order
SELECT COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, COLUMN_DEFAULT
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Table_Name'
ORDER BY Column_Name

Add Columns to Table
ALTER TABLE dbo.Table_Name ADD Field1 int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
ALTER TABLE dbo.Table_Name ADD Field2 datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '12/31/9999 12:00:00 AM'
ALTER TABLE dbo.Table_Name ADD Field3 varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''

Split column with delimiter, into multiple records each with distinct value
SELECT Field1, string_pieces.value
FROM AP
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(Field1, '|') AS string_pieces

Find which tables columns belong to
SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE id in (SELECT id FROM syscolumns WHERE name = '[ColumnName]')
CONCAT (SQL Server uses + signs instead of concat) - (combine 2 fields to 1 field)
UPDATE Table_Name SET FullName = (FirstName + ' ' + LastName)

CREATE QUICK BACKUP OF TABLE
SELECT *
INTO new_table_name
FROM old_table_name

INSERT RECORDS FROM ONE TABLE TO ANOTHER
INSERT Table_Name
SELECT * FROM Table_Name_2
INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerName, Country)
SELECT Name, Country FROM Suppliers

LIST DATABASES WHICH CONTAIN table_name TABLES & COLUMNS WITH 'column_name'
SELECT c.name
FROM sysobjects AS c WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS a ON a.object_id = c.id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS v ON v.object_id = a.object_id
WHERE c.xtype='U' AND c.name LIKE '%table_name%' AND v.name ='column_name'
ORDER BY c.name
OR
SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.columns with (NOLOCK)
WHERE table_name like '%table_name%' and column_name='column_name'

System Queries
SELECT * FROM sys.tables
SELECT * FROM sys.columns
SELECT * FROM information_schema.table_constraints
SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE type = 'U' ORDER BY modify_date

LIST LINKED DB SERVERS
SELECT * FROM sys.servers

LIST ACTIVE SESSIONS
SELECT * FROM sys.sysprocesses

Clear data in table
TRUNCATE TABLE [table_name]

Replace Data
Update Table_Name
SET City = replace(City, 'Salt', 'Olympic');

Remove first character from column
UPDATE table_name SET column = (column, 2, LEN(column))

Query data of a certain length (string/character length)
SELECT * FROM [table_name] where LEN(column_name) <> 4

Remove characters after a specific character
UPDATE table_name
SET column_name = LEFT(column_name, CHARINDEX('.', column_name) - 1)
WHERE CHARINDEX('.', column_name) > 0

Day of the Week
SELECT DATEPART(weekday, date_field), *
FROM table_name

Date Only
SELECT CONVERT(DATE,date_field) AS DateOnly

Query data which only has alpha or numeric
WHERE (column_name LIKE '%[^a-zA-Z0-9]%')
WHERE (column_name LIKE '%[a-z]%')

Split 1 column 2 strings into 2 columns
UPDATE table_name SET column_name1 = RTRIM(SUBSTRING ( column_name3 , 1 , CHARINDEX( ' ',column_name3 + ' ' )-1)) ,
colum_name2 = RTRIM(SUBSTRING ( column_name3 , CHARINDEX( ' ',column_name3 + ' ' )+1,1000) ) FROM table_name

Keep first character from column
UPDATE table_name SET column_name = substring(column_name,1,1)

Remove last character from column (If Test=12345, result will be: 1234)
UPDATE table_name SET column_name=SUBSTRING(column_name, 1, 4);

Add Aliased Column
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name2 as CONVERT(varchar, column_name1)

Data Field Length Queries
WHERE LEN(column_name) >= 25

DATA LOWERCASE
WHERE (column_name COLLATE Latin1_General_CS_AS = LOWER(column_name))
Or
WHERE (CAST(column_name AS varbinary(MAX)) <> CAST(LOWER(column_name) AS varbinary(MAX)))

Data Uppercase (switch LOWER for UPPER if searching for Lowercase)
SELECT CASE WHEN BINARY_CHECKSUM(column_name) = BINARY_CHECKSUM(LOWER(column_name)) THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS DoesContainUpperCase,

View specific number of characters in string
SELECT RIGHT(column_name, LEN(column_name)-5) AS 'column_nameTruncated'
OR
SELECT LEFT(column_name, 3) AS 'FirstThreeCharactersOfcolumn_name'

Aggregate with no group by
SELECT column_name1, column_name2, SUM(CONVERT(int,column_name2)) OVER (PARTITION BY column_name1) AS NewColumnName

Subquery in Select Statement
SELECT (select count(column_name) from table_name) AS NewColumnName

Subquery in Where Statement
WHERE (SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name)>5

View Binary/Image data (Binary Data)
SELECT CONVERT(varbinary(max),column_data)
GROUP BY Date only in a DateTime field
GROUP BY CONVERT(varchar, date_column, 101)

PARSE Time out from DateTime
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8),date_column,108) as NewDateColumn

Remove First 2 characters WHEN string starts with specific characters - CASE/Substring statement
SELECT CASE WHEN column_name LIKE 'this%' THEN SUBSTRING(column_name, 3, len(column_name)) ELSE column_name END AS New_column_name

Search for text across SPs
SELECT DISTINCT
o.name AS Object_Name, o.type_desc
FROM sys.sql_modules m
INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON m.object_id = o.object_id
WHERE m.definition Like '%namehere%';

Zero PAD on left
UPDATE table_name SET column_name=RIGHT('000'+ISNULL(column_name,''),3)
SELECT column_name, REPLICATE('0',10-LEN(column_name))+column_name AS column_nameFormat1, RIGHT('0000000000'+ISNULL(column_name,''),10) AS column_nameFormat2

Round decimal field
UPDATE table_name SET column_name=ROUND(column_name,2)

Convert to Date
CONVERT(decimal(18, 2), column_name) AS newcolumn_name,

Remove all special characters
REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(column_name, ' ', ''), '-', ''), '.', ''), '&', ''), '~', ''), '!', ''), '@', ''), '#', ''), ', ''), '%', ''), '^', ''), '*', ''), '(', ''), ')', ''), '_', ''), '+', ''), '=', ''), '[', ''), ']', ''), '{', ''), '}', ''), '\', ''), '|', ''), '/', ''), '?', ''), '<', ''), '>', ''), ',', ''), ';', ''), '''', ''), ':', ''), '"', '') AS newcolumn_name

Find special characters
WHERE (column_name LIKE '%[^a-zA-z0-9]%')

REMOVE LEADING ZEROS
SELECT SUBSTRING(column_name, patindex('%[^0]%',column_name), 10) AS newcolumn_name

SUBSTRING, ONLY LIST AFTER LAST SLASH, FILENAME ONLY
SELECT top 200 RIGHT(image_path,charindex('\',reverse(image_path),1)-1) as image_path_FileNameOnly

UPDATE TABLE FROM JOINED TABLE/DATA
UPDATE table_name
SET column_name = b.column_name2
FROM table_name AS a
INNER JOIN table_name2 AS b ON b.column_name3=a.column_name

Update Duplicates based on ROWNUM
WITH g AS (SELECT column_name1,column_name2, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY column_name1, column_name2
ORDER BY Id) AS row
FROM table_name)
SELECT * FROM g
--UPDATE g SET column_name1=0 where row > 1

CTE:
May be more efficient than running a distinct in a SELECT clause..

Excel:
Compare values in 1 column to see if they exist in another column
=ISERROR(VLOOKUP(A2,$B$2:$B$10,1,0))

REGEX:
([^\]+$)
Captures everything after the last slash.